This research undertaken in the town of Bukavu in the east of the Democratic Republic of Congo (RDC) tries to include/understand the motivations of the choice of the high-risk sites by the households and analizes the social, environmental and medical problems of the households living on the high-risk sites with Bukavu as well as the solutions under consideration by the latter. To collect the data, of the investigations by questionnaire near 390 households were realized. Software SPSS version 18.0 and analyzes it of contents were used to analyze the data. The results show the choice of the high-risk sites by the households on the high-risk sites is explained by the crisis of housing in the town of Bukavu, related on the deficiency of space face a demographic explosion, the growth the rural migration and on the exorbitant land price and the permissiveness of the administration. The populations living on the high-risk sites with Bukavu test serious problems of which the risk of slip of the grounds, the risk of the crumblings of the grounds, the risk of the floods, the risk of the accidents in the home, the risk of the falls, the risk of the depression of the grounds, the risk of the shocks. It is also observed on the high-risk sites with Bukavu, a high frequency of pathologies of which paludism, influenza, the typhoid fever, diarrheal diseases and respiratory diseases. These problems are due to the expansion of illegal human establishments where almost all the social, environmental and medical conditions are not met. It appears clearly that the majority of the solutions under consideration by the households living on the high-risk sites with Bukavu are not effective.