A diploma is one of the indicators for the measurement of the educational level of an individual. In Cameroun, it remains a good distributed within the working population age with the young population accounting for an average of 43, 6% of the total population. With this, one predicts a high potential school request. In this respect, the Sectorial Strategy of Education, which arises from the Document of Strategy for Growth and Employment (DSCE) set-up by the Cameroonian Government, stresses on the training and the development of the human capita in order to equip each citizen with the capacities necessary to build an emergent economy by 2035. Comparatively, there is need to examine the relationship between economic growth and education. The objective of this study is to analyse the role and the place of education in the socio-economic development of Cameroun, by the means of an existing documentary review and data of investigations into education carried out by the National Institute of Statistics (INS) in Cameroun. From this, we arrived at the conclusion that education is in the middle of the socio-economic development of the country. However, the offer of education and the level of insertion of the graduates remains very weak. This situation requires an additional effort of the authorities and the partners of development in the direction of professionalising the educational system in Cameroun.