This paper examines the impact of the use of the term «slash and burn» in the agricultural sector in Côte d’Ivoire and the impact of the term «slash and burn» in the sub-prefecture of Bazra-Natis on the agricultural sector. To protect crops and improve productivity, farmers make extensive use of chemical pesticides without, however, controlling their agro-economic, health and environmental consequences. For this reason, this study aims to show the socio-sanitary and environmental impact of pesticide use on rural populations in the sub-prefecture of Bazra-Natis. The data collection methodology was based on documentary research and field surveys. Thus, on the basis of a reasoned choice survey (quotas) and a simple random draw, 5 villages and 50 farmers were selected as the statistical unit with the help of High Level Specialised Technicians in Annual and Perennial Crops (HLSTAPC) and Rural Development Animators (RDA) of the National Agency for Support to Rural Development (NASRD) on the basis of the diversity and dynamics of agricultural activities, and of the strong presence of phytosanitary products in these localities. The results reveal that farmers, who are mostly illiterate (54%), make massive use of all types of pesticides (herbicide, insecticide, fungicide) in their agricultural activities. The results also show that, while these pesticides are a factor in increasing productivity and income for farmers, they are responsible for several human ailments and pathologies (skin diseases, respiratory and eye irritations, gastric and hormonal disorders, headaches) and are also harmful and destructive to the environment. Hence the need to train rural people in agricultural techniques and in wearing personal protective equipment.